Could quantum computing break Bitcoin and Ethereum? A shocking report from Mysten Labs reveals that these leading cryptocurrencies are vulnerable to quantum attacks, putting billions in digital assets at risk. Here’s what you need to know.
Why Bitcoin and Ethereum Are at Risk from Quantum Computing
Bitcoin and Ethereum rely on the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA), which quantum computers could crack using Shor’s Algorithm. This means:
- Private keys could be reverse-engineered from public blockchain data.
- Transactions and wallets could be compromised.
- Legacy wallets, including Satoshi Nakamoto’s, may be exposed.
Which Blockchains Are Quantum-Resistant?
Not all cryptocurrencies face the same risk. Blockchains using EdDSA, like Solana, Sui, and Near, have structural advantages:
| Blockchain | Signature Scheme | Quantum Resistance |
|---|---|---|
| Bitcoin | ECDSA | High Risk |
| Ethereum | ECDSA | High Risk |
| Solana | EdDSA | More Secure |
Can Bitcoin and Ethereum Upgrade to Post-Quantum Security?
Upgrading would require a hard fork, a complex and controversial process:
- Wallet addresses would need to change.
- Funds would need migration.
- Community consensus is unlikely—Ethereum’s past splits show the challenges.
What Happens If Users Don’t Upgrade?
Millions of wallets could become liabilities. Users who lose funds may blame the network, leading to backlash and loss of trust.
Is Quantum Computing an Immediate Threat?
Governments are already mandating post-quantum standards by 2030-2035. While quantum computers aren’t yet powerful enough, preparation is critical.
FAQs
1. Can quantum computers break Bitcoin today?
No, but future advancements could make it possible within a decade.
2. What makes EdDSA more secure than ECDSA?
EdDSA’s design resists quantum attacks better and is easier to upgrade.
3. Will Satoshi Nakamoto’s Bitcoin be stolen?
If quantum computers advance before upgrades, yes—those wallets are especially vulnerable.
4. Can I protect my Bitcoin now?
Not yet, but staying informed about upgrades is key.
5. Are governments taking action?
Yes, many are pushing for post-quantum standards by 2030.
